sBTC is a trust-minimized, 1:1 Bitcoin-backed asset built on the Stacks layer, unlocking new possibilities for Bitcoin in DeFi and smart contracts. While STX is the native token of the Stacks network — powering transactions, securing the network, and fueling governance — sBTC serves as a key protocol innovation that extends Bitcoin’s utility through Stacks.

sBTC is designed to unlock Bitcoin’s full potential in DeFi and smart contracts-without compromising on trust, security, or Bitcoin’s core ethos. Every design decision is shaped by a transparent set of principles, developed in collaboration with the Stacks community and documented in the upcoming Satoshi Upgrades overview.

These principles guide the protocol through the inevitable trade-offs and competing priorities that come with building at the frontier of Bitcoin programmability.

This post explains those principles and values and how those values are balanced so builders, users, and institutions can understand the logic behind every upgrade and innovation. These principles govern sBTC’s evolution. For more on how Stacks accrues value as sBTC grows, see the dedicated Value Accrual piece.

sBTC’s design is rooted in a set of principles that guide how the protocol meets the needs of everyday users, developers, and institutions. These principles ensure the system is secure, reliable, and usable — without compromising on Bitcoin’s core values.

These principles inform every product decision made in collaboration with the broader Stacks ecosystem:

1. Security is the foundation: From protocol design to implementation, security is treated as a continuous and ongoing process. All sBTC upgrades undergo rigorous testing, reviews, and third-party audits to ensure robustness. Users should always have the ability to redeem sBTC through transparent, permissionless mechanisms that allow users to exit back to BTC.
2. Growth must be scalable and systematic: Growth must be enabled by design, with scalable UX that supports adoption by users, developers, and institutions. Composability and fungibility are baseline requirements. sBTC must remain a unified, interoperable asset across smart contracts and protocols.
3. Self-custody is paramount: Users should always be able to hold and manage their sBTC without relying on intermediaries. The system prioritizes native Bitcoin scripts and onchain enforcement to guarantee user controlled ownership.
4. Stacks must accrue value as sBTC adoption grows: The Stacks network must directly benefit from sBTC adoption. Protocol fees, BTC-denominated yield, and smart contract usage must create sustainable and compounding value for the STX asset and its holders.
5. sBTC’s economic model must be sustainable: The protocol’s economic design must support long-term sustainability. Incentives for liquidity providers, signers, users, and developers must remain aligned as the network scales.

Building sBTC involves constantly balancing security, growth, usability, and value accrual. These principles sometimes come into conflict-scaling too fast can introduce risk; maximizing self-custody may complicate UX. The approach is to weigh these tensions openly, always prioritizing user safety and system integrity, while also considering ecosystem growth and innovation.

There isn’t always a single “right” answer. Instead, transparency is prioritized: explaining the rationale behind decisions, listening to community feedback, and documenting the principles that guide the process. This ensures sBTC evolves in a way that serves the entire Stacks and Bitcoin ecosystem.

The upcoming sBTC Litepaper, scheduled for release within a week, will outline the next phase of upgrades for the protocol. While full details will be available upon publication, the paper is expected to highlight several key areas of focus, including:

• User Empowerment: Enhancements aimed at increasing user control and reducing reliance on third parties.
• Security and Trust: Strengthening the protocol’s security model and minimizing trust assumptions for all participants.
• Ecosystem Growth: A roadmap for incremental upgrades designed to foster broader ecosystem involvement and real-world feedback.
• Institutional Participation: Initiatives to make the protocol more accessible and attractive to a wider range of institutional stakeholders.

Further specifics will be available once the Litepaper is officially released.

sBTC is designed to be the most secure, transparent, and programmable Bitcoin-backed asset-enabling a new era of Bitcoin-native DeFi, while strengthening the Stacks network and its community. By making these principles explicit, the protocol invites scrutiny, fosters trust, and empowers everyone in the ecosystem to build, use, and govern sBTC with confidence.


Stay tuned for more: The sBTC Litepaper will be released soon, providing a comprehensive look at the next phase of sBTC’s evolution. You can read more about sBTC's journey towards Trustless BTC in the Stacks Roadmap here -- where you can also sign up to be notified once the Litepaper is released.